When it comes to AMD CPU vs Intel CPU, fan boys will sure be siding their favourite. In our review of the Gigabyte X79-UD7, we compared the Intel Core i7 3960X against the Core i5 2500K.

In addition, we would like to know how the new 6 core processor Core i7 3960X will fare against the Phenom II X6 1100 which sells for only 1/4 of the price of the 3960X.

Would it be worth paying 4X the price for the processor for just that performance ? Read our review with benchmarks and judge for yourself.

Read review here.

AMD Share price moved up 7 cents up 1.44% to $4.93. The increase in share price could be due to the launch of new series of AMD FX processors which challenges the performance of Intel Core i5/i7. The improvements can be seen from it’s multimedia encoding capabilities.

AMD FX-8150 is the flagship model AMD introduced on OCT 12 2011 and AMD will be holding a briefing in Taipei this afternoon too.

Will AMD be able to deliver the orders in time. The AMD LIano APU is still not readily available in most markets.

AMD (NYSE) closed at $4.93 (1.44%) 12 Oct 2011.

Unlock Your Record Setting AMD FX Series Processor Today
With the first eight-core desktop processor, enthusiasts and overclockers get an amazing PC experience at unheard of prices

SUNNYVALE, Calif. —10/12/2011
AMD (NYSE: AMD) today unleashed the AMD FX family of CPUs, delivering a fully unlocked and customizable experience for desktop PC users. The AMD FX series of desktop CPUs includes the first-ever eight-core desktop processor, enabling extreme multi-display gaming, mega-tasking and HD content creation for PC and digital enthusiasts – all for less than $245 (suggested U.S. retail price). This marks the first retail availability of processors that use AMD’s new multi-core architecture (codenamed “Bulldozer”), which is included in AMD’s upcoming server CPU (codenamed “Interlagos”) and the next-generation of AMD Accelerated Processing Units.

“AMD FX CPUs are back with a vengeance, as validated by the recent feat of setting a Guinness World Records® title for ‘Highest Frequency of a Computer Processor,’” said Chris Cloran, corporate vice president and general manager, Client Group at AMD. “While overclockers will certainly enjoy the frequencies the AMD FX processors can achieve, PC enthusiasts and HD media aficionados will appreciate the remarkable experience that AMD FX processors can provide as part of a balanced, affordable desktop system.”

All AMD FX CPUs offer completely unlocked processor clock multipliers for easier overclocking, paving the way for PC enthusiasts to enjoy higher CPU speeds and related performance gains. Additionally, these processors use AMD Turbo Core Technology to dynamically optimize performance across CPU cores enabling maximum performance for intense workloads.

Starting today, the below AMD FX CPUs will be available from global retailers. Additional AMD FX CPUs and systems based on the AMD FX processors will be available for purchase following the initial launch.

■FX-8150: Eight cores, 3.6 GHz CPU base (3.9 GHz Turbo Core, 4.2 GHz Max Turbo), $245 suggested retail price (U.S.)
■FX-8120: Eight cores, 3.1 GHz CPU base (3.4 GHz Turbo Core, 4.0 GHz Max Turbo), $205 suggested retail price (U.S.)
■FX-6100: Six cores, 3.3 GHz CPU base (3.6 GHz Turbo Core, 3.9 GHz Max Turbo), $165 suggested retail price (U.S.)
■FX-4100: Four cores, 3.6 GHz CPU base (3.7 GHz Turbo Core, 3.8 GHz Max Turbo), $115 suggested retail price (U.S.)
Without spending a small fortune, users can combine an AMD FX CPU with an AMD 9-series chipset motherboard and AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 series graphics cards to create the AMD “Scorpius” platform for an astounding gaming and HD entertainment experience. As part of the “Scorpius” platform, AMD FX CPUs also support AMD CrossFireX™ technology, which allows the combination of multiple graphics cards in a PC for stunning visual experiences, and AMD Eyefinity technology support for super resolution on up to six monitors.1 With AMD CatalystControl Center™ / AMD VISION Engine Control Center, users can get regular updates to help improve system performance and stability, and to add new software enhancements.

First look at AMD 8 core Bulldozer processor FX-8150 with benchmarks
bluetooth 12 Oct 2011

AMD officially unveils it’s 8 Core processors the Zambezi based on Bulldozer architecture. Targetting the performance and PC enthusiasts, it is the fastest AMD processor to date to spot a new design with 8 cores.

The most anticipated model is the FX-8150, an unlocked, 8-Core processor. The FX-8150 has a 3.6GHz (base), 3.9GHz (CPU Turbo), 4.2GHz (Max Turbo) speed. It has 256K L1 instruction (64KB per module) / 128K L1 data cache (16K per module), 2MB of L2 data cache per module (8MB total L2 per processor) and 8MB (shared) L3. The total L2+L3 cache is 16MB. It has an integrated 72 bits x 2 memory controller and can support up to DDR3-1866.

The processor is based on HyperTransport 3.0 Specification with one 16-bit/16-bit link @ up to 4.4GHz full duplex (2.2GHz x2).

The packaging is the Socket AM3+ 938-pin organic micro pin grid array (micro-PGA). Max TDP is 125W.

In the next page, we will take a look at some benchmark numbers in our ongoing tests.

Bulldozer is the codename Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) has given to one of the next-generation CPU cores after the K10 microarchitecture for the company’s M-SPACE design methodology, with the core specifically aimed at 10-watt to 125-watt TDP computing products. Bulldozer is a completely new design developed from the ground up.  AMD claims dramatic performance-per-watt improvements in HPC applications with Bulldozer cores. Products implementing the Bulldozer core were originally planned for release during the second quarter of 2011.

The Bulldozer cores will support most of the instruction sets currently implemented in Intel processors (including SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES, CLMUL, and AVX) as well as future instruction sets proposed by AMD (XOP and FMA4).

The higher end models has 8 cores and they are FX-8170, FX-8150, FX-8120 and FX-8100. These models have 8MB L2 cache and is 125W  TDP. The FX-6120 and FX-6100 are 6 cores with 6MB L2 and FX-4120 and FX-4100 are 4 quad cores with 4MB L2 Cache. The hex cores and quad cores are all 95W TDP. All models support memory of 1866MT/s. They are all multiplier enabled and supports turbo cache. It fits existing AM3+ AMD 990FX boards and they are on 32nm SOI manufacturing process. The processor speed information can be found tabulated below.*

*Subjected to changes.

Benchmarks can be read here -> http://en.ocworkbench.com/tech/first-look-at-amd-8-core-bulldozer-processor-fx-8150

The expected Zambezi parts are summarized in the table below:

BIOSTAR TA75A+ AMD socket FM1 Mainboard Review
Bluetooth 2 Oct 2011

These days, board makers are all trying to entice you with feature set which you don’t use. BIOSTAR, being a practical mainboard manufacturer believes otherwise. Today, we will take a look at their TA75A+ Socket FM1 board. This is a Socket FM1 board for the APUs. There is no software to speed up USB 3.0 nor Network bandwidth.   It is a serious no gimmicks board targetting the mid range DIY user.

The mainboard supports the AMD A8, A6, A4, E2 processors of up to TDP of 100W. It has 4 memory slots that support up to DDR3-2000 (OC) of up to 32GB in total. As for graphics expansion, it has 2 PCIe 2.0 x16 which works in (x16+x4) for CrossFire. There are 2 PCIe 2.0 x1.

For connectivity, there is 6 x SATA3 6Gb/s Connector supporting SATA RAID: 0,1,10. Thers is also native support of 2 x USB 3.0 Port, 1 x USB 3.0 Header, 4 x USB 2.0 Port and 3 x USB 2.0 Header on board. For network, it uses a Realtek RTL8111E GbE controller.

With the APU, the graphics capability is a Radeon HD 6550 and it capable to have a maximum resolution of VGA:1920×1600, DVI-D:1920×1200, HDMI:1920×1200. The audio is powered by Realtek ALC892 8-Channel HD Audio .

Other features on board includes THX truStudio PRO, 100% solid cpas, G.P.U (Green Power Utility), BIO-Remote2 allowing remote control of the mainboard using Android or Iphone. There is also charger booster to speed up charging of iPads, iPhones. The BIOS is a UEFI bios which you can control using your mouse. There is also BIO-Flasher and BIO-Relife and eHotline.

On board are Rapid switch which are the power and reset switches for DIY users. The DEBUG led also helps.

In addition, the BIOS also comes with Preset overclocking modes which you can select V6, V8, V12 or you can manually adjust it. There is a wide range of voltage adjustments and frequency adjustments available in the BIOS.

Dow Jones reports that AMD is cutting its revenue and gross margin guidance citing manufacturing problems at its foundry, Globalfoundries. The recent APUs “LIano” are also in shortage due to Globalfoundries not able to meet the high demand of such APUs.

The news sent AMD shares down 8.6% to $5.62 in after-hours trading. The Sunnyvale, Calif., company designs semiconductors that serve as calculating engines in computers, servers and game consoles.

On the other hand, there is also no confirmation of it’s highly anticipated 8 Core Bulldozer processor.

 recently launched the AMD E-450 and E-300 APUs, running at 1.65 GHz and 1.3 GHz, respectively. Systems based on the E-450 and E-300 deliver exceptional performance and value.  Like systems based on the E-350, they also feature excellent video playback, DirectX 11-capable graphics and extremely power efficient x86 performance.

The AMD APU is revolutionary in many ways but it is important to highlight the significant contribution of power efficiency and battery life for mobile lifestyles.  Before the AMD APU, many entry level notebooks did not have great battery life.  The AMD E-450 and E-300 enable fantastic mobility and a great computing experience.

What you are seeing in the video are systems powered by the AMD E-450 and E-300, demonstrating that these systems:

• Offer better battery life than competing systems based on our competitor’s products
• When looking at scripting software to simulate real world workloads in productivity and gaming, these systems deliver the same or better performance in a more power efficient manner
• Offer better power efficiency and better platform thermals, which can result in cooler user experience

Research firm IDC, recently released its Q2 data on the microprocessor market.  According to the latest report, AMD seems to have improved over Q1 2011 and gained some share.

IDC’s report mentions that AMD’s share in total PC microprocessor market increased by 1.5% in Q2 2011 compared to previous quarter. However if we dig deeper it seems that the company gained share in notebooks and desktops but continued to perform poorly in servers where its share further declined to 5.5%. Although AMD is expected to launch its bulldozer CPU in later half of this year, we have reduced our market share expectations for the full year 2011 from slight gains to slight losses.

However, the notebook market share gain was a positive surprise and consequently we have adjusted our expectation in the category slightly upwards.

Price estimate for AMD stands at $9.90 , implying a significant premium to the market price.

Source

Fabless chip designer AMD has decided to expand its Radeon brand to include DDR3 memory modules

It looks the same as a normal DDR3 Memory module only there is a big Radeon badge on it.

According to AMD’s website, three 2GB long DIMMs are being released as part of a new Radeon memory line. Each memory is a 240-pin socket type dual in line memory module designed to hit a different niche.

The ‘Entertainment’ memory runs at 1333MHz (9-9-9 latency), then there is the ‘Ultra Pro Gaming’ DIMM working at 1600MHz (11-11-11) and last we have the ‘Enterprise’ memory which doesn’t have finalised specs but will probably run for five years boldly going where no one has gone before before being mothballed for a couple of decades.

The DDR3-1333 module has been spotted in the Land of the Rising Sun and will set you back $20. It is not clear why AMD is making this move. After all the memory market is not doing that well and competition is tough.

We would not have thought that the sorts of people who buy AMD chips are the types who want an “only AMD” machine.

Source

AMD shipped about one million Llano APUs in June and 1.3-1.5 million units in July, and with the appearance of the company’s new Llano APUs in the fourth quarter, annual shipments of Llano in 2011 should reach 7.5-8 million units, according to sources from motherboard players.

The sources pointed out that AMD is pushing its 40nm-based C series (Ontario) and E series (Zacate) APUs for the entry-level market, while it is pushing 32nm-based Llano-based APUs for the mid-range to performance and mainstream markets, and is pushing 32nm AM3+ FX series (Zambezi) processors for the high-end market in the fourth quarter.

In 2012, AMD will launch a new APU series codenamed Krishna using a 28nm process from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), targeting mini PCs, and all-in-one PCs with an APU series codenamed Trinity to replace Llano for the mainstream market, adopting a 32nm process from Globalfoundries. For the high-end market, AMD will launch an APU series codenamed Komodo.

Source : Digitimes

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc NYSE:AMD announced today about its participation with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), HP and Clarkson University in a significant research project that looks at the industry-wide challenge of channeling renewable energy directly to data centers.

Because wind and solar-derived energy can be irregular, the intended study will also examine critical questions of how to automatically shift a compute load between data centers and maintain reliability.

AMD is basically a Semiconductor – Broad Line industry company. The sales of company resulted $6.45 billion for last consecutive twelve months, and the company’s net income recorded $828.00 million. The company’s growth of its sales in recent quarter vs. year ago quarter recorded -4.80% which is below the Industry benchmark of 16.90% and below from Standard and Poor’s benchmark of 13.90%.

Company is on an optimistic track of growth as the gross margin of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc is 44.8% which is below the industry benchmark for gross margin of 57.9% and above the Standard and Poor’s benchmark for gross margin of 37.7%.

The stock price of company on July 29, 2011 decreased 1.08% and settled to the closing price of $7.34. The overall volume in the last trading session was 20.88 million shares. Its fifty two week range was $5.53-$9.58. The total market capitalization remained $5.05 billion.

AMD current stock price is moving above its 52 week low by 32.73% and moving below from 52 week high price by 23.38%. AMD last month stock price volatility remained 3.71%. In its share capital AMD has 687.54 million outstanding shares while company’s float is 686.32 million shares. Ownership of company is 71.88% institutional while insiders owning 0.10%.

ASRock A75 Extreme6 Motherboard Review with AMD LIano APU A8-3850
Bluetooth 25 Jul 2011

Not everyone makes the same boards. The features, overclocking, design differs from manufacturer to manufacturer. In fact, to us, innovation is more than anything else.

Say Hello to ASRock A75 Extreme6 where you meet the amazing feature set.

The ASRock A75 Extreme6 is a board based on the AMD A75 Hudson D3 chipset and support for Socket FM1 100W processors. It supporst native 6 x SATA3, 4 x USB 3.0 Ports. For memory, it can achieve up to dual Channel DDR3 2400+(OC).

Although the processor has an integrated video, users who wants to use external graphics cards can do AMD Quad CrossFireX™ , 3-Way CrossFireX™ , CrossFireX™ and Dual Graphics. There is also multi VGA Output : D-Sub, DVI-D and HDMI.

For users who doesn’t want to spend a fortune on graphics cards, the graphics within the APU supports AMD Steady Video™ : New video post processing capability for automatic jutter reduction on home/online video. The board also also has 7.1 CH HD Audio with Content Protection (Realtek ALC892 Audio Codec), Supports THX TruStudio™.

Important features only available on ASRock board are XFast USB Technology, Graphical UEFI BIOS, Supports On/Off Play Technology, Instant Boot, Instant Flash, APP Charger, SmartView.

The APU we are going to use is the A8-3850. This APU is 32nm DX11 3D graphics capable. It also supports OpenGL 4.1 and OpenCL 1.1 standards. It has 4 Core 4 threads and the embedded video is a Radeon HD6550D class video capable of doing 4000 marks in 3DMark Vantage Performance test.

On page 2, we will take a look at the motherboard layout.

AMD Inc. (NYSE:AMD) Shows Off USB 3.0 Streaming

AMD Inc. (NYSE:AMD), a global semiconductor innovator and Point Grey, a world leader in advanced digital camera products, have together established uncompressed streaming HD video across USB 3.0 during AMD’s A-Series APU official launch event held on 14 June in Seattle.

The AMD Inc. (NYSE:AMD) A-Series APU-based platforms are the first to utilize the A75 and A70M FCH chipsets in desktop and in mobile and are the first certified chipsets to put together SuperSpeed USB (USB 3.0) into their core logic.

The live demonstration showcased the performance benefits of USB 3.0 by streaming uncompressed high definition (HD) 1080p60 video from Point Grey’s Flea3 digital video camera to an AMD Fusion A-Series-based laptop computer.

AMD Inc. (NYSE:AMD) shares were at 7 at the end of the last day’s trading. There’s been a -12.0% movement in the stock price over the past 3 months.

Sony Unveils New VAIO S Series of Notebooks for
Mobility and Better Performance
Slim aluminum body and flat design makes it easy to be carried around

(Singapore, 5 July 2011) – Sony has announced a new line-up for the VAIO S Series of notebooks, the perfect balanced mobile notebook that is crafted to be carried around in your daily life. In addition to the current VPCSB model, we are introducing the new VPCSA unit with a thinner and lighter body that provides better performance for your option.

Perfectly Balanced Performance and High Mobility
The new line-up for S Series comes with the Intel® Core™ i7 processor and AMD Radeon™ HD 6630M GPU with 1GB VRAM. The unit has a Performance Switch that supports Dynamic Hybrid Graphic System. This switch allows users to easily choose between SPEED mode for fastest performance or STAMINA mode for a longer battery life.

The S series has six hours of battery life; however, an optional Sheet Battery is available to extend the battery life for up to 12 hours , which is double of the primary battery capability. With this option, you do not have to worry about looking for an electric outlet all day long. There is a dedicated battery charger that you can leave on the desk to charge the Sheet Battery. The optional Sheet Battery is also full-flat which makes the S series easy to be carried around even with the Sheet Battery attached.

Quick Boot and Fast Operation with SSD
The VAIO S Series comes with SSD features Quick Boot and fast operation. With the Quick Boot function, the computer starts up from just 17 seconds from shutdown. This is very convenient for users who do not want to waste any minute at work or study.

Advanced LCD
The new line-up for the S series comes with a 13.3 inch wide screen with 1600 x900 HD resolution. The LCD is anti-reflective glossy finished, which means it is coated with low reflective coating on the surface. This provides a high contrast image, and prevents eyestrain that comes from staring at the monitor for a long time.

Crafted to be Carried
The VPCSA model weighs 1.68 kg and has a 23.3 mm slim body, making it easy to be carried around in a bag. Its aluminum palm rest and magnesium body contribute to its thinness and lightness, while maintaining ruggedness for mobile use.

The hinge is not visible from the front, offering a clean and simple look around the display. A more spacious palm rest and touch pad area contributes to comfortable usability. In addition, the six-sided edge design provides an attractive look no matter what angle the VAIO S Series is being viewed from. This construction succeeds in realising superior robustness and structural integrity.

Usability for smooth operation
To further increase the usability, it comes with backlit keyboard, which makes it easier to type in dimly-lit environments such as during on-board a flight or in a conference room. Isolation keyboard is another user-friendly feature that provides comfortable typing, and touch pad with multi-gesture control supports Flick, Tap and Scroll touch gestures to make it easy to navigate your way around web pages and application screens. This function can be easily enabled or disabled by Fn + F1 key.

The VAIO S Series is preinstalled with various applications and utilities and most of them launch at one touch of a button. Just push the ‘WEB’ button for Quick Web Access, and it allows speedy access to the web browsing. Clicking the ‘VAIO’ button launches Media Gallery that lets you enjoy and organise your photos, videos and music in a fun and easy way. There is also a dedicated ‘ASSIST’ button. It gives one-touch access to VAIO Care which simplifies basic maintenance and troubleshooting tasks to keep your VAIO in good condition. In addition to these instant access buttons, VAIO E Series is also pre-installed with PMB VAIO Edition software to let you easily organize, create and share your photos and videos.

The new line-up for VAIO S Series is available in stores from July onwards.

Gigabyte A75-UD4H AMD A75 Motherboard with AMD A8-3850 Review – Intro
Bluetooth 2 Jul 2011

The wait is over as AMD launches it’s APU – the accelerated processor unit which integrates graphics into the traditional processor just like Intel’s Core i5-2500K. With this new APU, a new generation of motherboards are making it inroads to various market segments.

Today, we are going to take a look at the Gigabyte A75-UD4H, one of the higher end board available for the new Socket FM1 supporting the A75 Hudson chipset for the 32nm DX11 capable APU like A8-3850.

The APU we are going to use is the A8-3850. This APU is 32nm DX11 3D graphics capable. It also supports OpenGL 4.1 and OpenCL 1.1 standards. It has 4 Core 4 threads and the embedded video is a Radeon HD6550D class video capable of doing 4000 marks in 3DMark Vantage Performance test.

In addition, the chipset supports Dual Graphics, allowing you to pair up another Radeon HD 6000 series graphics card to boost up the 3D graphics performance.

Unboxing the A75-UD4H

If you look at the box of the motherboard, you would have noticed the SUPER 4. Basically, Gigabyte’s proposition is

Super Safe

．DualBIOS™ 3TB+ HDD Support (Hybrid EFI Technology)
．One Fuse per USB Port
．50,000 hr. Solid Capacitors

to ensure durability of the board.

Super Speed

．Ultra Durable™ design
．3 x USB Power Boost + On/Off Charge

GIGABYTE Super Speed ensures that you’re always on the cusp of PC performance, data transfer and device charging speeds. GIGABYTE 3x USB power means better device compatibility and faster charging on USB connected devices like portable storage devices without needing to use two USB ports. The additional power provided by 3 x USB Power allows iPad, iPhone and iPod devices to charge up to 40% faster compared to standard USB implementations, while On/Off charge allows fast device charging even when your PC is on standby or turned off.

Super Savings

．Lower RDS(on) MOSFETs
．Lower CPU Zone Temperature
．High Power-Efficiency

All GIGABYTE Super4™ motherboards are equipped with the very best quality components that ensure that you PC is running at maximum power efficiency. Lower RDS(on) MOSFETs reduce energy wastage through unnecessary residual heat dissipation. This amounts to tangible energy savings which are beneficial for both end-users and the environment without impacting system performance.

Super Sound

．High-end 108dB HD Audio (3.5x better audio quality than standard PC audio solutions) offer excellent 7.1 surround sound audio backed by a proprietary converter that is able to achieve 108dB noise ratio (SNR) playback quality. This means that users will enjoy a better audio experience with lower levels of noise and hiss when enjoying the latest HD content.

In the next few pages, we take a detail look at the motherboard, it’s chipsets and BIOS followed by benchmarks.

Page 2 >>>

Embedded graphics is the way to go for both Intel and AMD. Intel has a lead way with it’s processors powered by Intel H67 or Z68 chipset. This will change as AMD will introduce their A75 chipset this month.

The A75 chipset boards will be paired with the Socket FM1 AMD LIano processors. Similarly, the graphics is embedded within the processor thus, CPU gets renamed as APU.

On our hand is an AMD A3850 clocked at 2.9GHz with 4 core 4 threads. It has an embedded graphics “Radeon 6550D”. We benchmark it against a system running Core i5 2500K at 3.3GHz.

In the game “The Last Remnant” tested at 1024×768 full screen, the AMD A75 platform leads the Intel Z68 by 54%.

Although it excels in graphics performance, the crunching speed is slower compared to the Intel Core i5-2500K.

Stay tuned for more at http://www.ocworkbench.com and discuss in http://forums.ocworkbench.com/forumdisplay.php?f=11

WHile we are waiting for AMD to officially announce the sales of this processor, we already got one in our hands. Here is a short video of us unboxing it. Stay tuned to our review at OCWORKBENCH in the coming month of July 2011.

Integrated graphics board has always been ignored as a low end platform. With the introduction of the APU, this is going to change the mindset of many.

The upcoming AMD A8 and A6 processors paired with the new A75 series boards blow away the competitor with impressive DX11 graphics performance.

With a typical AMD LIano A8-3850 processor running at 2.4GHz, DDR3-1866 (2x2G), it is able to achieve a 3DMark Vantage score of P5600+. If the APU is overclocked, 3DMark Vantage score can scale up to 5650 marks.

With a HD 6670 GPU added on board, AMD Radeon DUal Graphics kicks in and can boost the performance up to 10000 marks giving it a 1.5x improvement over the standard APU.

Stay tuned for more information.

The GA-A75-UD4H is the AMD A75 chipset mainboard. It supports the AMD APU using the Socket FM1 for 32nm AMD A series processors.

With the integrated graphics of Radeon class HD65xx/64xx (DX11), the APU is capable to deliver better quality 3D graphics than before.

Although it has integrated graphics, it also support AMD Dual Graphics technology with the 2 PCIe 2.0 interface on board.

For graphics, the board supports output port DisplayPort, HDMI, Dual link DVI of up to 2560×1600 FULL HD playback. The board also supports 3x USB power On/Off charge USB ports, 8 USB 3.0, 6 SATA3 (6Gbps) ports. Other features include Dual BIOS, 3TB+ HDD boot up, 108db S/N audio playback, auto green etc.